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An Introduction to Relational Frame Theory (Standard)

Lesson 1: Introduction
Lesson 2: Language
Lesson 3: Functional Contextualism
Lesson 4: Derived Stimulus Relations
Lesson 5: Human Language and Cognition
Lesson 6: Relational Frames
Lesson 7: Relational Responding
Lesson 8: Generalized Operants
Lesson 9: Multiple Exemplar Training
Lesson 10: Mutual Entailment
Lesson 11: Combinatorial Entailment
Lesson 12: Transformation of Stimulus Functions
Lesson 13: Contextual Control
Lesson 14: Arbitrarily Applicable
Lesson 15: Implications and Applications
15.1 Concept Map
15.2 Derived Stimulus Relations and Language Development
15.3 Applications of RFT
15.4 Language Units and Relational Networks
15.5 Sentences as Relational Networks Part 1
15.6 Sentences as Relational Networks Part 2
15.7 Sentences as Relational Networks Part 3
15.8 Sentences as Relational Networks Part 4
15.9 Stories as Relational Networks
15.10 Other Language Units as Relational Networks
15.11 Relating Sets of Relations
15.12 Analogies as Relating Relations Example Part 1
15.13 Analogies as Relating Relations Example Part 2
15.14 Analogies as Relating Relations Example Part 3
15.15 Analogies as Relating Relations Example Part 4
15.16 Metaphors as Relating Relations Example Part 1
15.17 Metaphors as Relating Relations Example Part 2
15.18 Metaphors as Relating Relations Example Part 3
15.19 Metaphors as Relating Relations Example Part 4
15.20 Metaphors as Relating Relations Example Part 5
15.21 Problem Solving
15.22 Problem Solving Example Part 1
15.23 Problem Solving Example Part 2
15.24 Problem Solving Example Part 3
15.25 Problem Solving Example Part 4
15.26 Problem Solving Example Part 5
15.27 Problem Solving Example Part 6
15.28 Problem Solving Example Part 7
15.29 Problem Solving Example Part 8
15.30 Problem Solving Example Part 9
15.31 Problem Solving Example Part 10
15.32 Problem Solving Example Part 11
15.33 Problem Solving Example Part 12
15.34 Rules and Contingency-Shaped Behavior
15.35 Contingency-Shaped Behavior Example
15.36 Rule-Governed Behavior Example
15.37 Challenge of Understanding Rule-Governed Behavior
15.38 RFT and Rule-Governed Behavior Example Part 1
15.39 RFT and Rule-Governed Behavior Example Part 2
15.40 RFT and Rule-Governed Behavior Example Part 3
15.41 RFT and Rule-Governed Behavior Example Part 4
15.42 RFT and Rule-Governed Behavior Example Part 5
15.43 The Power of Rules
15.44 RFT and the Dark Side of Language
15.45 Harmful Effects of Language
15.46 Dominance of Verbal Relations
15.47 Bidirectional Transformation of Stimulus Functions
15.48 Bidirectional Transformation of Aversive Functions
15.49 Escape and Avoidance of Aversive Words and Thoughts
15.50 Example: Avoiding Anxiety Part 1
15.51 Example: Avoiding Anxiety Part 2
15.52 Example: Avoiding Anxiety Part 3
15.53 Example: Avoiding Anxiety Part 4
15.54 Example: Avoiding Anxiety Part 5
15.55 Rampant Rule Following
15.56 Rule Following and Behavioral Rigidity
15.57 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)
15.58 ACT: Loosen or Weaken Verbal Relations
15.59 ACT: Weaken Transformation of Stimulus Functions
15.60 ACT: Limit Rule Following
15.61 Other RFT Applications and Implications
15.62 Review
Final Quiz for An Introduction to Relational Frame Theory (Standard)
An Introduction to Relational Frame Theory by Eric Fox is © 2004-2025 FoxyLearning LLC and distributed under CC BY-NC-SA
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15.16 Metaphors as Relating Relations Example Part 1

An Introduction to Relational Frame Theory (Standard) Lesson 15: Implications and Applications 15.16 Metaphors as Relating Relations Example Part 1
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Metaphors and Analogies

Metaphors also involve relations among relations, but are partly based on common properties of the related stimuli or events1. For example, a therapist might tell a client this metaphor: “Struggling with anxiety is like struggling in quicksand.” This metaphor is a context that specifies a relation of sameness or equivalence between these two relations. But this relation is not completely arbitrary. The two events share some common properties that make the metaphor useful.

Struggling with anxiety is like struggling in quicksand.

  1. Barnes-Holmes, Y., & McEnteggart, C. (2015). Behavior analysis and the treatment of human psychological suffering. In Clinical and organizational applications of applied behavior analysis (pp. 451-475). Academic Press.
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