In 1957, B.F. Skinner published the book Verbal Behavior. In 1959, a young linguist named Noam Chomsky published a review of that book, sharply criticizing Skinner’s behaviorism in general and his behavioral approach to language acquisition in particular. Chomsky’s review became arguably more influential and well-known than Skinner’s book, and it played a key role in the “cognitive revolution” that soon came to dominate both psychology and linguistics.

The debate between the pragmatism of Skinner and the structuralism of Chomsky continues to this day. Now hear directly from both men, in a series of archival interviews and speeches spanning several decades, as they address the philosophical and practical differences between their approaches.

In this 1972 conversation with John M. Whiteley, B.F. Skinner addresses a variety of important issues in education that remain relevant today. He advocates using positive reinforcement and behavioral approaches to instruction to improve both our educational system and our culture. Topics addressed include aversive control, free will, effective instruction, morality, culture, philanthropy, educational reform, and programmed versus natural contingencies.

In this presentation to the Society for the Quantitative Analyses of Behavior (SQAB) in 1998, Murray Sidman describes the development (from 1965 to 1975) of behavior-change programs implemented outside the animal laboratory to benefit humans before such application was established formally as an entity derived from the experimental analysis of behavior. The presentation illustrates the use of an inductive method in practice, where working with a fluid behavior stream entails making intervention decisions on the spot.